Nakh etymology : Query result

Proto-Nakh: *l-ēṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to trickle, drip

Chechen: lēd-

Comments: The verb lēd- is attested only in Chech. The same root (with a usual Ablaut *a/*ē) can be perhaps discovered in PN *k-aṭ- 'to mourn, bemoan' (Chech., Ing. kad-, Bacb. kaṭ-) - if the original meaning is 'to pour, drop (tears)'. A reduplicated stem *ṭaṭ-am 'drop' is reflected in Chech. ṭadam, Ing. ṭadam.

Proto-Nakh: *lē-w- / *ʔāʎ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to say

Chechen: lē-, āl-

Ingush: le-, al-

Batsbi: lev-, aʎ-

Comments: The PN paradigm is *ʔāʎ- (term.) vs. *lē-w- (with loss of initial vowel) (dur.). In Bacb. there also exists a secondary Ablaut stem law- "to talk to someone".

Proto-Nakh: *l(ɦ)ōṭ ( ~ -ʕ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: waste of corn (corn lost during transportation)

Chechen: lod

Comments: Obl. base lōda-. Attested only in Chech., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Nakh: *lo

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 basting, tacking 2 (sewing) pattern

Chechen: lol 1

Ingush: lo 2

Comments: Chech. obl. base lala-ra- (-l in lol is historically a suffix, as seen from the Ingush form).

Proto-Nakh: *lōlu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: neighbour

Chechen: lūla-χō

Ingush: lɔla-χo

Comments: The vowel difference between Chech. and Ing. is explained by the former paradigm: dir. base *lōlu ( > Chech. lūla-), obl. base *lālu- ( > Ing. lɔla-). The root is used also in an adverbial function: Chech. lūla, Ing. lala 'in the neighbourhood'.

Proto-Nakh: *lujsṭ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sheep's dung 2 thick, dense

Chechen: lüst 1, lüsta 2

Ingush: lista 2

Batsbi: jupsṭĩ 2

Comments: The noun *lujsṭ must have meant 'thick, clayish substance' (whence 'dung' in Chech.). The Bacb. form is interesting, because it demonstrates the original *-j- which had been shifted to Anlaut (*lujsṭi-n > *ljuwsṭi-n > jupsṭĩ); another trace of PN *-j- here is the Chech. vowel -ü- in the direct stem lüst.

Abayev (1973, 57-58) considers the Nakh adjective to be borrowed from Osset. lɨst(äg) / list(äg) 'small, thin'. This is hardly the case because of the non-trivial phonetic structure of the Nakh root (the semantic side also raises doubts).

Proto-Nakh: *lujsṭi-n

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dense, close, thick

Chechen: lüsta

Ingush: lista

Batsbi: jupsṭĩ

Comments: The Bacb. form goes back to *ljuwsṭi- < *lujsṭi- (cf. Chech. dialectal forms like Shar. lujstĩ, Khild. lwistĭ).

Proto-Nakh: *lVwV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: roe

Chechen: lū

Ingush: lij-g

Comments: 3d class in Chech. and Ing. (the Ing. form is a diminutive < *lVw-iḳ). Cf. also Chech. Lev. lū 'mountain goat'. Since there is no Bacb. form, the Inlaut is not quite clear (theoretically, *-w-, *-b-, *-d- or *-g- may be reconstructed).

Proto-Nakh: *-lχa-na

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: yesterday

Chechen: selχana

Ingush: selχan

Comments: PN *(p)sa-lχEna is opposed to *si-psara 'yesterday night', so the component *-lχEna means either 'day' or 'yesterday' (in general). -lχE- here may be contracted from *dVlχE-, which would be a regular correspondence for Av. noƛ: and Darg. *duk:i / *dak:. The etymology of *(p)sa- ( < *(p)sarV-) see under *śwĔrV.

In PN there also exists a root *tχa 'today' (Chech. taχa-na, Ing. taχa-n 'today' as a secondary development < *tχa-na, Chech. tχo-wsa, Ing. tχowsara 'tonight', Bacb. tχa 'today', tχa-bus 'yesterday night' [ = Chech. tχowsa], tχujnŏ 'in the daytime'). This may well be an early development < *lχa (cf. an analogous phenomenon in the 1st p. pl. pronoun *tχo).

Proto-Nakh: *mʕēlq̇u

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lizard

Chechen: mölq̇a

Ingush: melʕa

Comments: Cf. also Cheb. mjelq̇u, Shar. mjolq̇o, Khild. mjolq̇ŭ etc. 6th class in Chech., 4th class in Ing. The shift -lq̇- > -lʕ- in Ing. points to an original cluster: *mʕēlq̇u > *mēlʕu > melʕa.

Proto-Nakh: *mʕuṭe

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 dirt 2 dirt (on face, body, cloth)

Chechen: moda 2

Ingush: mʕad 2

Batsbi: mujṭĭ 1

Comments: PN paradigm *mʕuṭe, obl. *mʕaṭV-; the obl. base superseded the direct one in Chech. (where moda < *mʕaṭu-) and Ing. 4th class in Chech., Ing., 6th class in Bacb. Cf. also Bacb. muṭo-rĕ(n) 'dirty'.

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